I have co-authored a paper on portable infrared laser spectroscopy for on-site mycotoxin analysis, which nicely demonstrates future applications of spectroscopy — a combination of new powerful laser light sources (quantum cascade lasers) paired with machine learning allows for extraction of information from spectra of complex samples such as food and environmental matrices.
In this case toxin concentrations of a potent natural carcinogen (Aflatoxin B1) were used to discriminate samples at (the very low, 8 ppb) established legal limits.
Portable sensors are most useful for preliminary large scale screening on site.